GLSTKHT English utf8 dataset McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager im@mcmlter.org pointOfContact 2014-10-29 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - North American Profile Metadata - Data with Biological Extensions ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Glacier stake height measurements, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2020, ongoing) 2014-10-29 publication Michael Gooseff University of Colorado Boulder http://www.colorado.edu/ michael.gooseff@colorado.edu http://goosefflab.weebly.com pointOfContact Andrew Fountain Portland State University http://www.pdx.edu (503) 725-3386 P.O. Box 751 Portland OR 97207 US andrew@pdx.edu http://glaciers.pdx.edu/fountain/ pointOfContact documentDigital As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor glacial mass balance and meltwater flow. This data package includes stake height measurements to the surface of six glaciers (Canada, Commonwealth, Hughes, Suess, Howard, and Taylor) in Taylor Valley and one glacier (Adams) in Miers Valley, all of which are located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Most measurements began during the 93-94 field season. Adams measurements were established during the 14-15 field season. Measurements are ongoing except at Hughes and Suess Glaciers where monitoring ceased following the 08-09 field season. Monitoring the changes in these measurements over time provides a record of mass balance, and aids in determining the role of glaciers in the polar hydrologic cycle. The goal of each summer season is to take measurements in early spring (Oct/Nov) and late summer (late January). This provides a measure of seasonal winter/summer changes of glacier mass. In some circumstances we have the opportunity or need to measure the glaciers in mid-season (Dec). View the dates the measurements were made at the following URL: http://mcmlter.lternet.edu/data/glaciers/timing/stkdates.pdf Name: Anna J. Bergstrom Role: field technician Name: Renée F. Brown Role: data manager Name: Adam Wlostowski Role: former field crew Name: Hassan Basagic Role: former field crew Name: Thomas Nylen Role: former field crew Name: Inigo San Gil Role: former data manager Name: Chris Gardner Role: former data manager Name: Denise Steigerwald Role: former data manager completed McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager im@mcmlter.org pointOfContact unknown Data for the original stake height and snow depth measurements, as well as the averages and standard deviations was submitted by Andrew G. Fountain to the data manager in August, 1997. The column showing "file name" identifies the original file containing that record. These are ascii text files and can be found on the PC in the McMurdo LTER data manager's office at INSTAAR.                          Once submitted to INSTAAR, the data manager used Microsoft Excel and Access software to produce files that were in more of a relational mode. Information was assigned to different files according to type of data it dealt with. Separate files were generated for:                                                  * stake height replications,                         * snow depth replications, and                         * averages/standard deviations calculated from stake height and snow depth replications.                           In March, 2000, Thomas Nylen submitted data from the 1997-98, 1998-99 and 1999-2000 seasons. Instead of lumping all of the stake height and snow depth values for each glacier under one file, they were separated into files for each glacier. Metadata fields were also updated at this time.                          In April, 2000, Denise Steigerwald added fields for dataset code and glstkid. Dataset code would allow the data to be linked to the  metadata in a relational database. Glstkid is a code that ties stake records to points on a GIS base map being developed by Michael Prentice at the University of New Hampshire.                          In addition, Denise divided the 'stake' field to 'stake' and 'stk replcmnt' values. The 'stake' value is an ID for a stake in a given location  over time, while the 'stk replcmnt' value shows whether the stake is the original (A), the first replacement stake installed (B), the second stake installed (C), and so forth. (Melting on the glacier over time makes installation of replacement stakes necessary.) Since the replacement value is only relevant for the stake heights and snow depths datasets, division of the 'stake' value into separate fields made it more straightforward for grouping data across different datasets (eg. stake heights and snow densities).                      In 2016, data and metadata were enhanced to comply with PASTA's unreasonable requirements. disturbance theme LTER Core Areas English Located in the Miers Valley, this glacier became object of the MCMLTER program study in 2015. 163.732166290280 163.582477569580 -78.118713184740 -78.097276633989 The Canada Glacier a small glacier flowing south-east into the northern side of Taylor Valley.  The glacier receives less than 10 cm of snowfall annually. Its seasonal melting feeds Lake Hoare to the west and Lake Fryxell to the east. 163.057708740234 162.894287109375 -77.632133483887 -77.598403930664 The Commonwealth glacier flows in a southeasterly direction and enters the northern side of Taylor Valley immediately west of Mount Coleman. Named by the British Antarctic Expedition for the Commonwealth of Australia in the early 1900s.   163.373565673828 163.197784423828 -77.589111328125 -77.545059204102 Howard is a small alpine glacier just west of Crescent Glacier, flowing into Taylor Valley on the north from the Kukri Hills. Geologist T.L. Pewe studied and named it for Arthur D. Howard, 163.147994995117 163.036087036133 -77.687744140625 -77.662025451660 Hughes Glacier is a small alpine glacier flowing toward Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley from the Kukri Hills on the south. Named for Professor McKenny Hughes. 162.581527709961 162.437667846680 -77.749969482422 -77.727073669434 The Suess Glacier is between the Canada Glacier and Lacroix Glacier, flowing south into Taylor Valley. Scott named after the early nineties British Antarctic Expedition for Professor Eduard Suess. 162.744598388672 162.647781372070 -77.651824951172 -77.633750915527 The Taylor Glacier is an Antarctic glacier about 54 kilometres (34 mi) long, flowing from the plateau of Victoria Land into the western end of Taylor Valley, north of the Kukri Hills, south of the Asgard Range. The middle part of the glacier is bounded on the south by Beacon Valley.Scott (early nineties British Antarctic expedition) named the glacier for Griffith Taylor, geologist and leader of the Western Journey Party of the British Antarctic expedition.Like other glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Taylor Glacier is “cold-based,” meaning its bottom is frozen to the ground below.   162.280426025391 161.683044433594 -77.769035339355 -77.721229553223 ground condition 1993-10-22 2020-01-30 In some circumstances we have the opportunity or need to measure the glaciers in mid-season (Dec).   View the dates the measurements were made at the following URL: http://mcmlter.lternet.edu/data/glaciers/timing/stkdates.pdf   About the SURFACE variable: The surface is either snow or ice. Sometimes a thin layer of snow (~a few crystals thick) is referred to as trace or dusting.   About the stakes: A stake with an H or V indicates a stake along the ice cliff that forms the boundary of the  glacier terminus. An H is a horizontal stake placed into the vertical wall of the glacier terminus, and V is a stake placed into the ice apron at the base of the ice cliff. The vertical stakes were installed to support the horizontal stakes and provide a nearby measure of ablation for a surface with a much different slope.           https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-adams-stkht-20220224.csv ADAGLSTKHT eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER ADAGLSTKHT Data Source Definition : Adams Glacier - Stake Heights Record Delimiter : \n Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false DATASET CODE Code representing stake heights table GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE UNIQUE NUMBER FOR EACH STAKE ON GLACIER STAKE_REPLCMNT Letter corresponding to original and replacement stakes (A = original, B = first replacement, C = second replacement etc.) DATE_TIME DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT Date Time Format: MM/DD/YYYY STK_HT_REP_1 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_2 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_3 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_4 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface SURFACE Surface material to which measurement is made STK_HT_COMMENTS Comments regarding stake height measurements GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-adams-stkht-20220224.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-canada-stkht-20220224.csv CANGLSTKHT eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER CANGLSTKHT Data Source Definition : Canada Glacier - Stake Heights Record Delimiter : \n Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false DATASET CODE Code representing stake heights table GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE UNIQUE NUMBER FOR EACH STAKE ON GLACIER STAKE_REPLCMNT Letter corresponding to original and replacement stakes (A = original, B = first replacement, C = second replacement etc.) DATE_TIME DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT Date Time Format: MM/DD/YYYY STK_HT_REP_1 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_2 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_3 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_4 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface SURFACE Surface material to which measurement is made STK_HT_COMMENTS Comments regarding stake height measurements GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-canada-stkht-20220224.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-common-stkht-20220224.csv COMGLSTKHT eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER COMGLSTKHT Data Source Definition : Commonwealth Glacier - Stake Heights Record Delimiter : \n Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false DATASET CODE Code representing stake heights table GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE UNIQUE NUMBER FOR EACH STAKE ON GLACIER STAKE_REPLCMNT Letter corresponding to original and replacement stakes (A = original, B = first replacement, C = second replacement etc.) DATE_TIME DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT Date Time Format: MM/DD/YYYY STK_HT_REP_1 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_2 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_3 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_4 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface SURFACE Surface material to which measurement is made STK_HT_COMMENTS Comments regarding stake height measurements GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-common-stkht-20220224.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-howard-stkht-20220224.csv HOWGLSTKHT eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER HOWGLSTKHT Data Source Definition : Howard Glacier - Stake Heights Record Delimiter : \n Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false DATASET CODE Code representing stake heights table GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE UNIQUE NUMBER FOR EACH STAKE ON GLACIER STAKE_REPLCMNT Letter corresponding to original and replacement stakes (A = original, B = first replacement, C = second replacement etc.) DATE_TIME DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT Date Time Format: MM/DD/YYYY STK_HT_REP_1 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_2 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_3 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_4 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface SURFACE Surface material to which measurement is made STK_HT_COMMENTS Comments regarding stake height measurements GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-howard-stkht-20220224.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-taylor-stkht-20220224.csv TAYGLSTKHT eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER TAYGLSTKHT Data Source Definition : Taylor Glacier - Stake Heights Record Delimiter : \n Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false DATASET CODE Code representing stake heights table GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE Unique number for each stake on glacier STK_REPLCMNT Letter corresponding to original and replacement stakes (A = original, B = first replacement, C = second replacement etc.) A Original B first replacement C second replacement DATE_TIME Date sample was collected Date Time Format: mm/dd/yyyy SURFACE Surface material to which measurement is made STK_HT_REP_1 Stake height first replicate STK_HT_REP_2 Stake height second replicate STK_HT_COMMENTS Comments regarding stake height measurements GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE_NAME Raw data file containing information STK_HT_REP_3 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_4 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-taylor-stkht-20220224.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/HUGH_GLSTKHT.csv HUGH_GLSTKHT eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER HUGH_GLSTKHT Data Source Definition : Hughes Glacier - Stake Heights Record Delimiter : \n Number of Header Lines : 28 Number of Footer Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false DATASET CODE Code representing stake heights table GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE UNIQUE NUMBER FOR EACH STAKE ON GLACIER STAKE_REPLCMNT Letter corresponding to original and replacement stakes (A = original, B = first replacement, C = second replacement etc.) DATE_TIME DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT Date Time Format: MM/DD/YYYY STK_HT_REP_1 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_2 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_3 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_4 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface SURFACE Surface material to which measurement is made STK_HT_COMMENTS Comments regarding stake height measurements GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/HUGH_GLSTKHT.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/SUES_GLSTKHT.csv SUES_GLSTKHT eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER SUES_GLSTKHT Data Source Definition : Suess Glacier - Stake Heights Record Delimiter : \n Number of Header Lines : 28 Number of Footer Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false DATASET CODE Code representing stake heights table GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE UNIQUE NUMBER FOR EACH STAKE ON GLACIER STAKE_REPLCMNT Letter corresponding to original and replacement stakes (A = original, B = first replacement, C = second replacement etc.) DATE_TIME DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT Date Time Format: MM/DD/YYYY STK_HT_REP_1 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_2 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_3 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface STK_HT_REP_4 Stake height replication measurement (1 to 4) from top of pole to either ice, snow or board surface SURFACE Surface material to which measurement is made STK_HT_COMMENTS Comments regarding stake height measurements GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/SUES_GLSTKHT.csv dataset Stakes were drilled into the snow and ice. Measurements are taken from the top of the stake to a round board that sits on the surface. The board, about 25 cm in diameter, is needed to average the surface height over a larger area because local roughness, especially on ice surfaces, can overwhelm the change in height since the last measurement. Roughness typically results from an "ablation well" around the stake, caused by enhanced solar absorption and subsequent longwave radiation from the stake. Measurements against the stake became meaningless. Methodology evolved to taking 4 replicated measurements at each stake. Height to the surface was then calculated from the sum of the distance from the top of the stake to the board, the board thickness, and subtracting the depression of the board into the snow If snow covered the ice surface, the snow depth was also measured. Procedures evolved to acquiring 4 - 8 replications around each stake. Typically, the final value of snow depth was the average of all measurements. In some cases, values were discarded because measurements were taken in hidden holes in the ice surface. Snow depth is important to record because the ice surface could have ablated prior to a snowfall. Therefore, to assess the mass balance at that stake, both ice surface change and snow depth is required. Metadata Access Constraints: none Metadata Use Constraints: none annually McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ pointOfContact