airborn_sediment English utf8 dataset McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ 2014-11-11 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - North American Profile Metadata - Data with Biological Extensions ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Aeolian Distribution of Soil Biota from Airborn Sediment Traps 2014-11-11 publication Diana Wall Colorado State University http://www.colostate.edu Johnson Hall 107 Fort Collins CO 80523 US Diana.Wall@colostate.edu http://wp.natsci.colostate.edu/walllab/ pointOfContact documentDigital Dispersal of soil organisms is crucial for their spatial distribution and adaptation to the prevailing conditions of the Antarctic Dry Valleys. This study investigate the possibility of wind dispersal of soil invertebrates within the dry valleys. Soil invertebrates were evaluated in wind-transported dust particles in collection pans (Bundt pans) 100 cm above the soil surface. Three species of nematode were recovered and Scottnema lindsayae was the most dominant. There were more juveniles (71%) in the transported sediments than adults (29%). The abundance of immobile (dead) nematodes in the Bundt pans was three times higher than active (live) nematodes. Anhydrobiosis constitutes a survival mechanism that allows wind dispersal of nematodes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Name: Byron J. Adams Role: field crew Name: Inigo San Gil Role: data manager completed McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ unknown This table was originally created by data manger Chris Gardner in September 2007 with data from Breana Simmons, post-doc with Diana Wall at NREL    MEtadata was transformed from the EML format to the more manageable Drupal Ecological Information System in 2014 - updated for clearinghouses in 2016 population dynamics theme LTER Core Areas English The Lake Fryxell basin is formed by a moraine depression in a wider portion of the Taylor Valley. It has a number of moraine islands and shallower areas, as well as several relatively well developed deltas. The lake is fed by at least 10 meltwater streams with a total drainage catchment of 230 km2. The lake is dammed to the southwest by the Canada Glacier and is topographically closed. It is perennially ice covered; during summer months, an ice-free moat generally forms around much of the lake margin. Lake levels have risen ~2 m between 1971 and 1996. There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 9 Maximum Length (km): 5.8 Maximum Width (km): 2.1 Maximum Depth (m): 20 Surface Area (km^2): 7.08 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.3 - 4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 25.2 163.259582519531 163.048782348633 -77.622711181641 -77.597076416016 Lake Hoare occupies a narrower portion of the Taylor Valley, dammed by the Canada Glacier. It would drain almost completely without this dam. There are a number of islands which may be related to an old terminal of Canada Glacier. The lake is fed primarily from direct runoff from the glacier, as well as meltwater streams. (Lake level rose ~1.5 m between 1972 and 1996). There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 15 Maximum Length (km): 4.2 Maximum Width (km): 1 Maximum Depth (m): 34 Surface Area (km^2): 1.94 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.1 - 5.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 17.5 162.935836791992 162.784423828125 -77.639259338379 -77.623085021973 Lake Bonney is a saline lake with permanent ice cover at the western end of Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is 7 kilometres or 4.3 mi long and up to 900 metres or 3,000 ft wide. A narrow channel only 50 metres or 160 ft wide. Lake Bonney at Narrows separates the lake into East Lake Bonney 3.32 square kilometres or 1.28 sq mi and West Lake Bonney, 0.99 square kilometres or 0.38 sq mi. The west lobe is flanked by Taylor glacier. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 25 Maximum Length (km): 4.8 Maximum Width (km): 0.9 Maximum Depth (m): 37 Surface Area (km^2): 3.32 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3 - 4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 54.7 162.536209106445 162.353210449219 -77.724441528320 -77.697700500488 ground condition 1997-09-19 2004-12-31  Since the attribute table for this dataset is very large, the user must construct the actual column       name.  The FIRST letter represents the species, and the following letters represent the life stage/sex/sum type.  The nermatode       species codes are:              S: Scottnema lindsayae        E: Eudorylaimus spp.        P: Plectus spp.                For example, in the attribute table,  "(code)ML" has the description "The total number of living male (species) adult nematodes extracted       from the soil sample in number of organisms per kg soil oven dry weight equivalent. In this case, a column name        called "SML" would be  "The total number of living male Scottnema lindsayae adult nematodes..." https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/SOILS_BUNDT_PAN.csv SOILS_BUNDT_PAN eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER SOILS_BUNDT_PAN Data Source Definition : A comma separated container for the air sediment trap (Bundt pan). Enjoy this snaptshop of a database table container Record Delimiter : \n Number of Header Lines : 28 Number of Footer Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false DATASET_CODE Unique identifier for the table in the MCM LTER database BASIN The lake basin where the soil sample was collected from (Bonney, Fryxell and Hoare). DATE_TIME The date the soil sample was collected from the field Date Time Format: mm/dd/yyyy SAMPLE_ID The block and treatment combination of the sample. SEDIMENT_COLLECTED total amount of sediment collected from the bundt pan trap, in grams SML The total number of living male Scottmema lindsayae adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected SMD The total number of dead male Scottmema lindsayae adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected SFL The total number of living female Scottmema lindsayae adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected SFD The total number of dead female Scottmema lindsayae adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected SJL The total number of living juvenile Scottmema lindsayae adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected SJD The total number of dead juvenile Scottmema lindsayae adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected SA The total number of living and dead Scottmema lindsayae adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected SJ The total number of living and dead Scottmema lindsayae juvenile nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected STL total number of living Scottmema lindsayae (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected STD The total number of dead Scottmema lindsayae (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected STLD The total number of live + dead Scottmema lindsayae (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected EML The total number of living male Eudorylaimus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected EMD The total number of dead male Eudorylaimus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected EFL The total number of living female Eudorylaimus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected EFD The total number of dead female Eudorylaimus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected EJL The total number of living juvenile Eudorylaimus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected EJD The total number of dead juvenile Eudorylaimus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected EA The total number of living and dead Eudorylaimus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected EJ The total number of living and dead Eudorylaimus juvenile nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected ETL total number of living Eudorylaimus (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected ETD The total number of dead Eudorylaimus (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected ETLD The total number of live + dead Eudorylaimus (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PFL The total number of living female Plectus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PFD The total number of dead female Plectus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PJL The total number of living juvenile Plectus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PJD The total number of dead juvenile Plectus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PA The total number of living and dead Plectus adult nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PJ The total number of living and dead Plectus juvenile nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PTL total number of living Plectus (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PTD The total number of dead Plectus (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected PTLD The total number of live + dead Plectus (juvenile and adults) nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected TOTAL_ROTIFERS total number of rotifers - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected TOTAL_TARDIGRADES total number of tardigrades - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected UNKNOWN Unkown nematode species TOTAL_LIVE The total number of living nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected TOTAL_DEAD The total number of dead nematodes extracted from the soil sample - in the number of organisms in the entire sample collected COMMENTS Generic comments about the sample DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/SOILS_BUNDT_PAN.csv dataset TREATMENT Codes In the attribute table, the treatment is the manipulation for a give plot from where the soil was collected. The treatments are: (C) control plots (no manipulations), (T) enhanced soil temperature using ITEX conical open-top chambers made of solar fiberglass, (W) Nanopure water added to field capacity to 10 cm depth (5.6 L/plot) once per season, (TW) temperature enhancement and water addition  Sample Codes In the attribute table, individual Bundt pans placed in each of three lake basins are designated by a sample number (1-9).  Preserved Samples Preserved samples are stored in the NREL Preserved Nematode Collection in room 226, College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University. Original data are stored in Room A208, Natural and Environmental Sciences Building, Colorado State University.  General Methods Three methods were used to collect wind-transported sediments and invertebrates. One was conducted by analyzing sediment accumulated on frozen lake ice or glaciers and the other two were conducted on land and collected windblown sediment after 1 year at two heights above ground level. Invertebrate diversity and nematode survival, active or live and immobile or dead nematodes were determined. 1. Sediment pockets on lake ice or glaciers: In the austral summer of 1997/1998, soil invertebrates were evaluated in pockets of soil sediments deposited on frozen surfaces of Lake Hoare (77 38 degrees S, 162 52 degrees E, elevation of 77 m asl) and Canada Glacier (77 37 degrees S, 162 59 degrees E, elevation of 264 m asl). Soil sediment pockets are formed as soil particles transported by wind and deposited on ice surfaces of lakes and melt glaciers. They may eventually melt into the ice forming biologically active cryoconite holes. These were sampled along three perpendicular transects of five sampling positions at varying distances along each transect wherever a soil deposit was found. The soil was collected with sterile plastic scoops and put into sterile Whirlpak bags - NASCO Plastics Inc., ON, Canada. The soil samples were stored in a cooler and transported to the McMurdo Station Crary Laboratory where they were stored at 4 C until processed. 2. Bundt pan soil traps: Bundt pans (Lancaster 2002) with approximately 25 cm diameter and 10–20 cm depth were mounted approximately 100 cm aboveground on PVC posts (Fig. 1) at three locations across Taylor Valley. Twenty seven Bundt pan traps, nine at each site, were placed along a transect on the south side of Lakes Fryxell (77 35 degrees S, 163 22 degrees E), and Hoare in the 1998–1999 summer season, and Lake Bonney (77 55 degrees S, 162 27 degrees E) in 1999–2000 summer season. Each pan contained about 100 glass marbles (1 cm diameter), on top of a coarse wire screen. The marbles and screen created a rough surface for trapping airborne particles and protecting them from being blown away. For sampling, the pans were removed, each covered with aluminum foil, and placed upright into polythene bags during transportation to prevent sediment loss. A portion of the amount of sediment collected in each Bundt pan was weighed and soil moisture determined gravimetrically by oven-drying a sub-sample of known weight at 105 C for 24 h. Soil invertebrate numbers recovered were expressed as per dry weight of soil. 3. Open top chambers at ground surface: The open top cone-shaped chambers complemented the Bundt pans, and targeted sediment transport just above ground level (less than 1 m). The OTCs were placed on level ground surfaces (less than 3–4% slope) at the south side of Lakes Fryxell, Hoare and Bonney in the summer of 2001–2002. Three plexiglass chambers (85 cm bottom diameter and 50 cm top diameter; Sun-Lite , Solar Components Corporation) were anchored into the ground with four metal stakes and a heavy gauge wire harness. The chambers were spaced 3 m apart along a (N–S) line perpendicular to the valley floor. An empty red polyester cloth formed into a wire supported box (50*50 cm2 and 10 cm height) was placed in the center of each chamber and anchored to the ground with nails at each corner and center of the box. At each sampling the chamber was removed, the cloth box with accumulated sediments dislodged by wind was cleaned into a plastic bag and transported to the laboratory, stored and analyzed as detailed for the Bundt pan traps. The transport collect ion method of soil to lake ice and glacier was sampled once, and the other two methods annually (2 years for OTC traps, and 5 years for the Bundt pan sediment traps). For all studies, nematodes, tardigrades and rotifers were extracted within 48 h of sampling from 100-g soil subsamples, where possible by wet sieving followed by centrifugation. Nematodes, tardigrades and rotifers were counted, nematodes identified to species, and classified as active (living) or immobile (dead), male or female, adult or juvenile. Invertebrate abundance was expressed as kg 1 of dry soil before log (n+1) transformation for statistical analysis using analysis of variance in JMP 501. The annual amount of aeolian deposition was calculated based on the formula: aeolian deposition (g m -2 year -1) = mass of sediment retained (g) x area of dust pan or OTC (m2) x time exposed (year).  Bundt Pan Construction Materials: 1 bundt pan, approximately 25cm in diameter and 10-20cm in depth 100 plus or minus 10 glass marbles (1 cm dia) coarse metal screen (0.5 cm openings) pvc pipe (approximately 70 cm in length) 1 wooden block 5 screws (1 large, 4 small) 2 washers (1 large, 1 small) Cut one end of the pvc pipe at a 45 degree angle. At the other end, two holes must be drilled through each side of the pipe to accommodate the screws that will hold the wooden block. The wooden block must be cut to fit inside the pvc pipe and should be drilled with complimentary holes, including one on the top for the screws. Once the wooden block is secure within the pipe, the post can be pounded into the ground. The final height of the bundt pan, once fully assembled,should be between 40-45 cm tall , but security is more important than height, so some are taller than others. Place the bundt pan on top and secure with two washers (see diagram) and the screw. Cut the screen to fit approximately half way down into the bundt pan. Place the coarse screen in the pan, then add the marbles. Metadata Access Constraints: none Metadata Use Constraints: none annually McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ pointOfContact