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Cation, Anion Concentrations Along Lake Sediment/Water Interface
Peter
Doran
pdoran@lsu.edu
https://www.lsu.edu/science/geology/people/faculty/doran.php
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-2847
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER
http://mcmlter.org/
Kathleen
Welch
kathleen.welch@colorado.edu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-3086
associated researcher
Chris
Gardner
gardner.177@osu.edu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-3754
data manager
Inigo
San Gil
Department of Biology, MSC03 2020 University of New Mexico
Albuquerque
NM
87131
US
(505) 277-2625
(505) 277-2541
isangil@lternet.edu
data manager
2014-11-09
English
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic aqueous geochemical sampling program has been undertaken. A series of water samples have been collected and analyzed for major ion chemistry by ion chromatography. The concentrations of ions cover a wide range of total dissolved solids from fresh to hypersaline lake waters. This dataset shows concentrations of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, chlorine, bromine, and SO4 found along the sediment/water interface of Taylor Valley lakes.
anions
calcium
cations
chemistry
chlorine
inorganic matter
iron
lakes
limnology
magnesium
potassium
sodium
sulfate
LTER Controlled Vocabulary
anions
cations
chemistry
inorganic
lake
limnology
Station Keywords
inorganic nutrients
LTER Core Areas
Data contained in these files has been subjected to quality control standards imposed by the investigator. The user of this data should be aware that, while efforts have been taken to ensure that these data are of the highest quality, there is no guarantee of perfection for the data contained herein and the possibility of errors exists. If you encounter questionable data, please contact the MCM LTER data manager corrected or qualified. Thus, these data may be modified and future data will be appended.
Data Policies
This data package is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows consumers (hereinafter referred to as “Data Users”) to freely reuse, redistribute, transform, or build on this work (even commercially) so long as appropriate credit is provided. Accordingly, Data Users are required to properly cite this data package in any publications or in the metadata of any derived products that result from its use (in whole or in part). A recommended citation is provided on the summary metadata page associated with this data package in the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Data Catalog (https://mcmlter.org/data), and a generic citation may be found on the summary metadata page in the repository where this data package was obtained. When these data contribute significantly to the contents of a publication, Data Users must also acknowledge that data were provided by the NSF-supported McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (OPP-1637708). This data package has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Hence, Data Users are strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration, and/or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the data package creator(s). Data Users should be aware these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research; thus, coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. Data Users should also recognize that misinterpretation of data may occur if they are used outside the context of the original study. Hence, Data Users are urged to contact the data package creator(s) if they have any questions regarding methodology or results. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of this data package (with all its components), complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Periodic updates to this data package may occur, and it is the responsibility of Data Users to check for new versions. This data package is made available “as is” and comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creator(s) of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use, or misuse of these data. Finally, as a professional courtesy, we kindly request Data Users notify the primary contact referenced in the metadata when these data are used in the production of any derivative work or publication. Notification should include an explanation of how the data were used, along with a digital copy of the derived product(s). Thank you.
https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/cation-anion-concentrations-along-lake-sedimentwater-interface
Lake Bonney is a saline lake with permanent ice cover at the western end of Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is 7 kilometres or 4.3 mi long and up to 900 metres or 3,000 ft wide. A narrow channel only 50 metres or 160 ft wide. Lake Bonney at Narrows separates the lake into East Lake Bonney 3.32 square kilometres or 1.28 sq mi and West Lake Bonney, 0.99 square kilometres or 0.38 sq mi. The west lobe is flanked by Taylor glacier. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 25 Maximum Length (km): 4.8 Maximum Width (km): 0.9 Maximum Depth (m): 37 Surface Area (km^2): 3.32 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3 - 4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 54.7
162.353210449219
162.536209106445
-77.697700500488
-77.724441528320
57
57
meter
Lake Hoare occupies a narrower portion of the Taylor Valley, dammed by the Canada Glacier. It would drain almost completely without this dam. There are a number of islands which may be related to an old terminal of Canada Glacier. The lake is fed primarily from direct runoff from the glacier, as well as meltwater streams. (Lake level rose ~1.5 m between 1972 and 1996). There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 15 Maximum Length (km): 4.2 Maximum Width (km): 1 Maximum Depth (m): 34 Surface Area (km^2): 1.94 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.1 - 5.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 17.5
162.784423828125
162.935836791992
-77.623085021973
-77.639259338379
73
73
meter
The Lake Fryxell basin is formed by a moraine depression in a wider portion of the Taylor Valley. It has a number of moraine islands and shallower areas, as well as several relatively well developed deltas. The lake is fed by at least 10 meltwater streams with a total drainage catchment of 230 km2. The lake is dammed to the southwest by the Canada Glacier and is topographically closed. It is perennially ice covered; during summer months, an ice-free moat generally forms around much of the lake margin. Lake levels have risen ~2 m between 1971 and 1996. There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 9 Maximum Length (km): 5.8 Maximum Width (km): 2.1 Maximum Depth (m): 20 Surface Area (km^2): 7.08 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.3 - 4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 25.2
163.048782348633
163.259582519531
-77.597076416016
-77.622711181641
18
18
meter
Lake Bonney is a saline lake with permanent ice cover at the western end of Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is 7 kilometres or 4.3 mi long and up to 900 metres or 3,000 ft wide. A narrow channel only 50 metres or 160 ft wide. Lake Bonney at Narrows separates the lake into East Lake Bonney 3.32 square kilometres or 1.28 sq mi and West Lake Bonney, 0.99 square kilometres or 0.38 sq mi. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 28 Maximum Length (km): 2.6 Maximum Width (km): 0.9 Maximum Depth (m): 40 Surface Area (km^2): 0.99 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 2.8-4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 10.1
162.269104003906
162.354934692383
-77.714805603027
-77.727287292480
57
57
meter
1996-01-01
1998-12-31
Data and Metadata was moved to DEIMS by Inigo on 2015.Data sets were submitted to the data manager by Kathy Welch at the University of Alabama. The raw data files listed under 'file name' are the names of the original files submitted, which are stored in the /data1/data/lakes/lakechem/ directory on INSTAAR's Unix system. These files are ascii text files. Upon arrival at INSTAAR, the data manager added variables for lake, date, and location description. Kathy Welch could specify which season and lake the samples were drawn from. However, more specific locations, sample dates, and description of sampling methods will need to be updated by Peter Doran.The file was imported into Microsoft Access version 2.0 on INSTAAR's Unix system, and can currently be found there. The file was then exported in ascii, comma delimited text and MS-DOS text (table layout) to present on the MCM LTER web site. Both of these files are linked to this web page above.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER
http://mcmlter.org/
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER
http://mcmlter.org/
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER
Dedicated sampling equipment for each lake has been important for maintaining the integrity of the samples. For example, the range of Cl- concentration in the investigated lakes varies by more than three orders of magnitude. This carryover between samples becomes a potential problem. Carryover can also be a potential problem during analysis, and therefore analytical blanks are run to monitor this. The initial sample processing was carried out in field laboratories. A 100-ml sample aliquot was filtered for each anion and cation sample. All samples were filtered through 0.4-microm Nucleopore filters, usually within 12h of collection. The cation samples were filtered into acid-washed polyethylene bottles which had been rinsed with DI water, while the anion samples were filtered into DI-washed bottles. The cation samples were acidified by adding 0.5% (v/v) of concentrated HCl. Quality control was maintained by carefully rinsing all filtration apparatus with DI between samples and by processing filtration blanks which were later run as samples. The majority of water chemistry samples were returned to the Crary Laboratory, McMurdo Station, Antarctica, for analysis. Some of the samples were returned to the laboratory at the University of Alabama for analysis owing to time constraints during the field season. DX-300 ion chromatographic system was used for the major ion analyses. The system included a gradient pump module, high-pressure injection valve with a 25-microm sample loop, a Dionex conductivity detector (CDM-3) advanced computer interface and automated sampler. The timed events and data collection were controlled by the Dionex AI-450 chromatography software for Windows. The same ion chromatographic system was used but was switched back and forth between anion and cation configurations. For the anions, a Dionex Ionpac AS4A-SC analytical column (250x4mm I.D.) and AG4A-SC guard column (50x4mm I.D.) and AG4A-SC guard column (50x4mm I.D.) were used along with an Anion Self-Regenerating Suppressor-1. The eluent was 1.8 mM Na2CO3-1.7 mM NaHCO3. The gradient pump flow-rate was 2 ml/min and the background conductivity was ca. 16 uS. For the cations, the Dionex Ionpac CS12 analytical column (250x4mm I.D.) and CG12 guard column (50x4mm I.D) were used with a Cation Self-Regenerating Suppressor-1. The eluent was 0.020 M methanesulfonic acid. The eluent flow-rate was 1.0 ml/min and the background conductivity was ca. 200-250 nS. The stock standard solutions used for a typical batch of samples from the lakes are specified below: CATION CONCENTRATION (mg/L) ANION CONCENTRATION (mg/L) Na+ 100 Cl- 100 K+ 20 SO4(2-) 100 Mg(2+) 50 F- 10 Ca(2+) 50 Br- 2 Li+ 1 Appropriate dilutions of the stock standards were used to prepare a range of standards for calibration. Owing to the high salt concentrations in many of the samples, dilutions were made before the samples were run. Dilutions ranged from 1:2 for Lake Hoare surface water up to 1:6000 for the Lake Bonney deep water. The samples were diluted by serial dilution, using plastic microbeakers and adjustable pipettors. Replicate and duplicate samples were run daily. Usually, each sample was injected twice and samples from each batch were run in duplicates to check the precision of the dilutions. In almost every case, the relative standard deviation of the duplicates was less than 1%, even with dilutions of 1:6000. In addition, analytical blanks and filtration blanks were analyzed to check the quality control.
lksdmtch
lksdmtch.csv
10943
1
0
\r\n
column
,
"
https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/lksdmtch.csv
Sample Name
Sample Name
Sample Name
string
Sample Name
Lake
Lake
Lake where data was gathered
string
Lake where data was gathered
Season
Season / Date
Season; Date range when sample was collected
string
Season; Date range when sample was collected
depth (m)
depth (m)
Depth from which sample was gathered
meter
real
Null
None given
Location Description
Location Description
Details about the sampling location
string
Details about the sampling location
Li (mg/L)
Li (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
Li (mM)
Li (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
Na (mg/L)
Na (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
Na (mM)
Na (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
K (mg/L)
K (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
K (mM)
K (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
Mg (mg/L)
Mg (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
Mg (mM)
Mg (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
Ca (mg/L)
Ca (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
Ca (mM)
Ca (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
F (mg/L)
F (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
F (mM)
F (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
Cl (mg/L)
Cl (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
Cl (mM)
Cl (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
Br (mg/L)
Br (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
Br (mM)
Br (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
SO4 (mg/L)
SO4 (mg/L)
mass concentrations
milligramsPerLiter
real
NULL
None given
SO4 (mM)
SO4 (mM)
millimolar concentration
millimoles/liter
real
NULL
None given
File Name
File Name
Original file name before entered into database
string
Original file name before entered into database