The average snowpack density is determined by digging a snowpit near each of the stakes that has any amount of snow present on the surface. The snowpit is dug to the surface of the ice for stakes in the ablation zone and to depth of the previous year's snow surface in the accumulation zone. The different layers in the snowpit are identified in the field. The thickness of each layer is measured and a sample is collected using a 100cm3 metal sampler. Excess snow is removed by a brush and the contents are placed in a pre-weighed bag. The weight is measured using a spring scale. Note about measurement timing: The goal of each summer season is to take measurements in early spring (Oct/Nov) and late summer (late January). This provides a measure of seasonal winter/summer changes of glacier mass. In some circumstances we have the opportunity or need to measure the glaciers in mid-season (Dec). View the dates the measurements were made at the following URL: http://www.mcmlter.org/data/glaciers/timing/snowdates.pdf A Note about Stake names: A stake with an H or V indicates a stake along the ice cliff that forms the boundary of the glacier terminus. An H is a horizontal stake placed into the vertical wall of the glacier terminus, and V is a stake placed into the ice apron at the base of the ice cliff. The vertical stakes were installed to support the horizontal stakes and provide a nearby measure of ablation for a surface with a much different slope.